| Publication |
Sentence |
Publish Date |
Extraction Date |
Species |
| Seonah Jang, Sang-il Suh, Su Min Ha, Jung Hye Byeon, Baik-Lin Eun, Young Hen Lee, Hyung Suk Seo, So-Hee Eun, Hae-Young Seo. Enterovirus 71-related encephalomyelitis: usual and unusual magnetic resonance imaging findings. Neuroradiology. vol 54. issue 3. 2012-06-19. PMID:21861081. |
in many cases, enteroviral encephalomyelitis involves the central midbrain, posterior portion of the medulla oblongata and pons, bilateral dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, and the ventral roots of the cervical spinal cord, and the lesions show hyperintensity on t2-weighted and fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (flair) images. |
2012-06-19 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Keiko Onoda, Minoru Ikeda, Hiroki Sekine, Hisashi Ogaw. Clinical study of central taste disorders and discussion of the central gustatory pathway. Journal of neurology. vol 259. issue 2. 2012-05-21. PMID:21748279. |
from the laterality of the taste disorders relative to the central lesions, it was suggested that the central gustatory pathway ascends ipsilaterally from the medulla to the pons, branches at the upper pons, and then ascends bilaterally from the midbrain to the cerebral cortex. |
2012-05-21 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Motoki Kamijo, Kenji Kojima, Keisuke Maruyama, Norifumi Konno, Eiji Motohashi, Taro Ikegami, Minoru Uchiyama, Seiji Shioda, Hironori Ando, Kouhei Matsud. Neuropeptide Y in tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes): distribution, cloning, characterization, and mRNA expression responses to prandial condition. Zoological science. vol 28. issue 12. 2012-02-16. PMID:22132785. |
neuronal cell bodies containing npy were located in the telencephalon, hypothalamus, mesencephalon, and medulla oblongata, and their nerve fibers were also found throughout the brain. |
2012-02-16 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Kai-Chen Wang, Chao-Lin Lee, Shao-Yuan Chen, Kuan-Hsiang Lin, Ching-Piao Tsa. Prominent brainstem symptoms/signs in patients with neuromyelitis optica in a Taiwanese population. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. vol 18. issue 9. 2011-11-23. PMID:21764586. |
a higher percentage (77.8%) of patients with brainstem nmo had brain lesions with specific nmo patterns, including lesions involving the hypothalamus (n=6, 33.3%), midbrain or pons (n=8, 44.4%), periaqueductal regions (n=5, 27.7%), and medulla (n=10, 55.6%). |
2011-11-23 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Yakup Ergül, Kemal Nişli, Arda Saygılı, Aygün Dinda. Kearns-Sayre syndrome presenting as somatomedin C deficiency and complete heart block. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin yayin organidir. vol 38. issue 8. 2011-10-27. PMID:21248459. |
further analysis with cranial magnetic resonance (mr) imaging demonstrated hyperintense signal changes in the subcortical white matter of the two cerebral hemispheres, bilateral thalamus, putamen, cerebral peduncles, dorsal medulla, and midbrain. |
2011-10-27 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Hidetaka Arishima, Ken-ichirou Kikut. [Disseminated metastatic tumor at dorsal surface of medulla oblongata presenting intractable hiccups. A case report]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology. vol 51. issue 4. 2011-07-05. PMID:21595299. |
contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (mr) imaging demonstrated the dissemination of metastatic lung tumor at dorsal surface of medulla oblongata and ventral surface of midbrain. |
2011-07-05 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Pallavi P Patwari, Michael S Carroll, Casey M Rand, Rajesh Kumar, Ronald Harper, Debra E Weese-Maye. Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and the PHOX2B gene: a model of respiratory and autonomic dysregulation. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. vol 173. issue 3. 2011-01-25. PMID:20601214. |
mri changes appear in the hypothalamus (responsible for thermal drive to breathing), posterior thalamus and midbrain (mediating o(2) and oscillatory motor patterns), caudal raphé and locus coeruleus (regulating serotonergic and noradrenergic systems), the lateral medulla, parabrachial pons, and cerebellum (coordinating chemoreceptor and somatic afferent activity with breathing), and insular and cingulate cortices (mediating shortness of breath perception). |
2011-01-25 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| R Greco, V Gasperi, G Sandrini, G Bagetta, G Nappi, M Maccarrone, C Tassorell. Alterations of the endocannabinoid system in an animal model of migraine: evaluation in cerebral areas of rat. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache. vol 30. issue 3. 2011-01-20. PMID:19515121. |
the medulla, the mesencephalon and the hypothalamus were dissected out and utilized for the evaluation of activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (that degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide), monoacylglycerol lipase (that degrades the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol), and binding sites specific for cannabinoid (cb) receptors. |
2011-01-20 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Carla Lucini, Lucini Carla, Bruna Facello, Facello Bruna, Lucianna Maruccio, Maruccio Lucianna, Fernanda Langellotto, Langellotto Fernanda, Paolo Sordino, Sordino Paolo, Luciana Castaldo, Castaldo Lucian. Distribution of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-1 in the brain of adult zebrafish. Journal of anatomy. vol 217. issue 2. 2011-01-05. PMID:20572899. |
these included the olfactory bulbs, dorsal and ventral telencephalic area (telencephalon), preoptic area, dorsal and ventral thalamus, posterior tuberculum and hypothalamus (diencephalon), optic tectum (mesencephalon), cerebellum, and medulla oblongata (rhombencephalon). |
2011-01-05 |
2023-08-12 |
zebrafish |
| Elzbieta Jurkiewicz, Anna Dobrzańska, Katarzyna Nowak, Agata Pleskaczyńsk. MRI findings in the young infant with brainstem disconnection and extracerebral features. Report of one case and review of the literature. Brain & development. vol 32. issue 6. 2010-08-05. PMID:19443152. |
mr brain examination precisely demonstrated absence of the pons, with disruption between midbrain and hypoplastic medulla oblongata. |
2010-08-05 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Luz C Sánchez-Peña, Pavel Petrosyan, Mariana Morales, Nydia B González, Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina, Luz M Del Razo, Maria E Gonsebat. Arsenic species, AS3MT amount, and AS3MT gene expression in different brain regions of mouse exposed to arsenite. Environmental research. vol 110. issue 5. 2010-07-08. PMID:20138265. |
we investigated the distribution of ias and its metabolites as well as the mrna and protein expression of arsenic (iii) methyltransferase (as3mt), which encodes the key enzyme in ias metabolism, in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, mesencephalon, thalamus, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pons, medulla oblongata, and pituitary of mouse brain. |
2010-07-08 |
2023-08-12 |
mouse |
| O V Trapezov, L I Trapezova, T A alekhina, D V Klochkov, Iu N Ivano. [Effects of monorecessive and double recessive mutations affecting coat color on the monoamine content of the brain of the American mink (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777)]. Genetika. vol 45. issue 12. 2010-03-31. PMID:20198975. |
in addition, monorecessive and double recessive minks differ from each other in the serotonin contents of the midbrain and medulla. |
2010-03-31 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| T A Donovan, M D Schrenzel, T Tucker, A P Pessier, B Bicknese, M D M Busch, A G Wise, R Maes, M Kiupel, C McKnight, R W Nordhause. Meningoencephalitis in a polar bear caused by equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9). Veterinary pathology. vol 46. issue 6. 2010-02-05. PMID:19605910. |
microscopic evaluation demonstrated multifocal, random nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis involving most prominently the rostral cerebral cortex, as well as the thalamus, midbrain, and rostral medulla. |
2010-02-05 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| Kunio Kitahama, Keiko Ikemoto, Anne Jouvet, Silvia Araneda, Ikuko Nagatsu, Brigitte Raynaud, Akiyoshi Nishimura, Katsuji Nishi, Shin-Ichi Niw. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive structures in human midbrain, pons, and medulla. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy. vol 38. issue 2. 2009-12-22. PMID:19589383. |
the objective of the present study was to determine with precision the localization of neurons and fibers immunoreactive (ir) for aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (aadc), the second-step enzyme responsible for conversion of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) to dopamine (da) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-htp) to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-ht) in the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata of the adult human brain. |
2009-12-22 |
2023-08-12 |
human |
| Liang-Wu Fu, John C Longhurs. Electroacupuncture modulates vlPAG release of GABA through presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). vol 106. issue 6. 2009-07-07. PMID:19359606. |
previous studies have demonstrated that electroacupuncture (ea) attenuates sympathoexcitatory reflex responses by activating a long-loop pathway involving the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (arc), midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlpag), and rostral ventrolateral medulla (rvlm). |
2009-07-07 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Geoffrey M Drew, Benjamin K Lau, Christopher W Vaugha. Substance P drives endocannabinoid-mediated disinhibition in a midbrain descending analgesic pathway. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. vol 29. issue 22. 2009-06-22. PMID:19494144. |
here, we used whole-cell recordings from rat midbrain slices to examine the effects of substance p on gabaergic and glutamatergic transmission within the periaqueductal gray (pag), a key component of a descending analgesic pathway that projects via the rostral ventromedial medulla (rvm) to the spinal cord dorsal horn. |
2009-06-22 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Matthew R Hodges, George B Richerso. Contributions of 5-HT neurons to respiratory control: neuromodulatory and trophic effects. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology. vol 164. issue 1-2. 2009-04-15. PMID:18595785. |
serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-ht) is a neurotransmitter produced by a small number of neurons in the midbrain, pons and medulla. |
2009-04-15 |
2023-08-12 |
Not clear |
| R Ramakrishnan, R Sheeladevi, A Namasivaya. Regulation of protein kinases and coregulatory interplay of S-100beta and serotonin transporter on serotonin levels in diabetic rat brain. Journal of neuroscience research. vol 87. issue 1. 2009-04-08. PMID:18711746. |
the current study showed that alloxan-induced diabetic animals revealed hyperglycemia and was associated with an increase in the content of 5-ht, pkc-alpha expression and pkc activity (p < 0.05) simultaneously in striatum (st), midbrain (mb), pons medulla (pm), cerebellum (cb), and cerebral cortex (ccx) from 7 days to 60 days. |
2009-04-08 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Ji-Ping Yang, Huai-Jun Liu, Song-Ming Cheng, Zhao-Lu Wang, Xi Cheng, Hui-Xin Yu, Xin-Feng Li. Direct transport of VEGF from the nasal cavity to brain. Neuroscience letters. vol 449. issue 2. 2009-03-20. PMID:18996442. |
the highest cns tissue concentration following in delivery was found in the trigeminal nerve, followed by the optic nerve, olfactory bulbs, olfactory tubercle, striatum, medulla, frontal cortex, midbrain, pons, appendix cerebri, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum. |
2009-03-20 |
2023-08-12 |
rat |
| Nobuyuki Karasawa, Motoharu Hayashi, Keiki Yamada, Ikuko Nagatsu, Mineo Iwasa, Terumi Takeuchi, Mitsutoshi Uematsu, Kazuko Watanabe, Minoru Onozuk. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)-immunoreactive neurons of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) brain: an immunohistochemical analysis. Acta histochemica et cytochemica. vol 40. issue 3. 2008-08-21. PMID:17653300. |
in contrast, aadc-ir (but not th-ir), small, oval and spindle-shaped neurons were sparsely distributed in the following areas: the hypothalamus from the anterior nucleus to the lateral nucleus, the dorsomedial nucleus, the dorsomedial area of the medial mammillary nucleus and the arcuate nucleus; the midbrain, including the stria medullaris and substantia nigra; and the medulla oblongata, including the dorsal area of the nucleus solitaris and the medullary reticular nucleus. |
2008-08-21 |
2023-08-12 |
human |